Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1988 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

54 papers of 6,984 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Continual Test-Time Adaptation via Low-Frequency ModulationBoyuan Zhang, Jie Pan, Shuai Yang, Lichuan GuIEEE Access · Anhui Agricultural University · Anhui University
  2. 2026
    Deep Generative Replay-Based Personalization With Conditional Latent Attention for Diffusion ModelsHaruka Matsuda, Ren Togo, Keisuke Maeda … Miki HaseyamaIEEE Access · Hokkaido University
  3. 2026
    Same Methods, Different Rankings: Trainable Depth as an Evaluation Variable in Continual LearningPaul-Tiberiu Iordache, Elena Burceanu, Mihai DascăluIEEE Access · University of Science and Technology · Universitatea Națională de Știință și Tehnologie Politehnica București
  4. 2026
    Semi-Supervised 3-D Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation Using Multiscale Graph Attention and Class-Incremental LearningH. Ye, Wei Guo, Liang Ma … Jiahao MaIEEE Access · Qingdao Huanghai University · Namseoul University · +4
  5. 2026
    TILES: Transformer-Based Incremental Learning for Expanding SegmenterHejer Ammar, Saad Lahlali, Romaric AudigierIEEE Access · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies
  6. 2022
    MEIL-NeRF: Memory-Efficient Incremental Learning of Neural Radiance FieldsJaeyoung Chung, K. Lee, Sungyong Baik, Kyoung Mu LeeIEEE Access · Seoul National University · Hanyang University
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  7. 2025
    Few-Shot Incremental Learning With Context-Aware Spatial Enhancement for Image RecognitionHeng Wu, Ze Yang, Zijun Zheng … Wansong WangIEEE Access · Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College · China Mobile (China) · +4
  8. 2025
    Measuring Catastrophic Forgetting in Cross-Lingual Classification: Transfer Paradigms and Tuning StrategiesBoshko Koloski, Blaž Škrlj, Marko Robnik‐Šikonja, Senja PollakIEEE Access · Jožef Stefan Institute · University of Ljubljana
  9. 2025
    Causal Intervention-Based Multimodal Class-Incremental Learning Network for 3D Model Classification and RetrievalQiang Li, Qiu-Yang Ma, Ning Zhang, Weizhi NieIEEE Access · Tianjin University · Renmin University of China
  10. 2021
    Continual Learning With Quasi-Newton MethodsSteven Vander Eeckt, Hugo Van hammeIEEE Access · KU Leuven
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  11. 2025
    Dual Passive-Aggressive Stacking k-Nearest Neighbors for Class-Incremental Multi-Label Stream ClassificationHaiming Tan, Chu Kiong Loo, Woo Chaw SengIEEE Access · University of Malaya
  12. 2025
    Neuro-Mimetic Developmental Architecture for Continual Learning Through Self-Organizing Multimodal Perception CoordinationFarhan Dawood, Naoki Masuyama, Chu Kiong LooIEEE Access · Iqra University · Osaka Metropolitan University · +1
  13. 2025
    Mitigating Class Confusion in Class-Incremental Semantic SegmentationNayoung Ko, Gyeong-Hyeon Kim, Eunwoo KimIEEE Access · Chung-Ang University
  14. 2025
    Opportunistic Dynamic Architecture for Class-Incremental LearningFahrurrozi Rahman, Andrea Rosales Sanabria, Juan YeIEEE Access · University of St Andrews
  15. 2025
    S2IL: Structurally Stable Incremental LearningS. Balasubramanian, P Yedu Krishna, Talasu Sai Sriram … Ravi MukkamalaIEEE Access · Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning · Old Dominion University
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  16. 2025
    SLFD: Spatial Location-Aware Feature Distillation for Incremental Object DetectionYanyan Shi, Yang Chen, Xinye Yu … Xiaokai XiaIEEE Access · China Electronics Technology Group Corporation · Peking University · +1
  17. 2025
    Variance-Covariance Regularization Improves Continual LearningPiotr Hondra, Daniel Marczak, Kamil Rafał DejaIEEE Access · Warsaw University of Technology
  18. 2025
  19. 2025
    Joint Class and Domain Continual Learning for Decentralized Federated ProcessesChiara Lanza, T. Tuytelaars, M. Miozzo … P. DiniIEEE Access
  20. 2024
    Studying Forgetting in Faster R-CNN for Online Object Detection: Analysis Scenarios, Localization in the Architecture, and MitigationBaptiste Wagner, Denis Pellerin, Sylvain HuetIEEE Access · Institut polytechnique de Grenoble · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · +1
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  21. 2024
    Brain-Inspired Continual Learning: Robust Feature Distillation and Re-Consolidation for Class Incremental LearningHikmat Khan, Nidhal Bouaynaya, Ghulam RasoolIEEE Access · Rowan University · Moffitt Cancer Center
  22. 2024
    Privacy-Preserving Continual Federated Clustering via Adaptive Resonance TheoryNaoki Masuyama, Yusuke Nojima, Yuichiro Toda … Naoyuki KubotaIEEE Access · Osaka Metropolitan University · Okayama University · +3
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  23. 2024PDF ↗
  24. 2024
    MixER: Mixup-Based Experience Replay for Online Class-Incremental LearningWon-Seon Lim, Yu Zhou, Dae‐Won Kim, Jaesung LeeIEEE Access · Chung-Ang University · Shenzhen University
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  25. 2024
    Multi-Label Lifelong Machine Learning: A Scoping Review of Algorithms, Techniques, and ApplicationsMohammed Awal Kassim, Herna L. Viktor, Wojtek MichalowskiIEEE Access · University of Ottawa
  26. 2024
    Class Incremental Learning With Large Domain ShiftKamin Lee, Hyoeun Kim, Geunjae Choi … Nojun KwakIEEE Access · Seoul National University of Science and Technology · LG (South Korea)
  27. 2024
    Memory-Efficient Continual Learning Object Segmentation for Long VideosAmir Nazemi, Mohammad Javad Shafiee, Zahra Gharaee, Paul FieguthIEEE Access · University of Waterloo
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  28. 2024
  29. 2023
    Self-Organizing Multiple Readouts for Reservoir ComputingYuichiro Tanaka, Hakaru TamukohIEEE Access · Kyushu Institute of Technology
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  30. 2023
    A Continual Learning Algorithm Based on Orthogonal Gradient Descent Beyond Neural Tangent Kernel RegimeDa Eun Lee, Kensuke Nakamura, Jae-Ho Tak, Byung‐Woo HongIEEE Access · Chung-Ang University
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  31. 2023
    Meta-Learning Based Tasks Similarity Representation for Cross Domain Lifelong LearningMingge Shen, Dehu Chen, Teng RenIEEE Access · Changzhou Academy of Intelli-Ag Equipment (China) · Wenzhou University · +2
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  32. 2023
    Class-Prompting Transformer for Incremental Semantic SegmentationZichen Song, Zhaofeng Shi, Chao Shang … Linfeng XuIEEE Access · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
  33. 2023
    CLiCK: Continual Learning Exploiting Intermediate Network Models With A Slack ClassHyejin Kim, Seunghyun Yoon, Hyuk LimIEEE Access · Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
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  34. 2023
    Class-Incremental Learning Based on Anomaly DetectionLijuan Zhang, Xiaokang Yang, Kai Zhang … Dongming LiIEEE Access · Changchun University of Technology · Jilin University of Finance and Economics · +1
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  35. 2023
    ConnectomeNet: A Unified Deep Neural Network Modeling Framework for Multi-Task LearningHeechul Lim, Kang-Wook Chon, Min‐Soo KimIEEE Access · Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology · Korea University of Technology and Education · +1
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  36. 2023
    Incrementally Learned Angular Representations for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningIn-Ug Yoon, Jong-Hwan KimIEEE Access · Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
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  37. 2022
    Differential Privacy Preservation in Robust Continual LearningAhmad Hassanpour, Majid Moradikia, Bian Yang … Julián FiérrezIEEE Access · Norwegian University of Science and Technology · University of Houston · +1
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  38. 2022
    Adaptive Resonance Theory-based Topological Clustering with a Divisive Hierarchical Structure Capable of Continual LearningNaoki Masuyama, Narito Amako, Yuna Yamada … Hisao IshibuchiIEEE Access · Osaka Metropolitan University · Osaka Prefecture University · +1
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  39. 2022
    Visual Tracking by Adaptive Continual Meta-LearningJanghoon Choi, Sungyong Baik, Myungsub Choi … Kyoung Mu LeeIEEE Access · Kookmin University · Seoul National University · +1
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  40. 2022
    Gating Mechanism in Deep Neural Networks for Resource-Efficient Continual LearningHyundong Jin, Kimin Yun, Eunwoo KimIEEE Access · Chung-Ang University · Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute
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  41. 2022
    Logarithmic Continual LearningWojciech Masarczyk, Paweł Wawrzyński, Daniel Marczak … T. P. TrzcinskiIEEE Access · Warsaw University of Technology · Jagiellonian University
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  42. 2022
    CLFM: Few-Shot Object Detection via Low-Resource Contrastive Learning and Fisher Matrix Updating for Overcoming Catastrophic ForgettingMeng Wang, Qiang Wang, Haipeng LiuIEEE Access · Kunming University of Science and Technology
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  43. 2022
    Incremental Learning With Adaptive Model Search and a Nominal Loss ModelChanho Ahn, Eunwoo Kim, Songhwai OhIEEE Access · Seoul National University · Chung-Ang University
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  44. 2021
    SPACE: Structured Compression and Sharing of Representational Space for Continual LearningGobinda Saha, Isha Garg, Aayush Ankit, Kaushik RoyIEEE Access · Purdue University West Lafayette
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  45. 2021
    Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting Using Sparse Coding and Meta LearningJulio Hurtado, Hans Löbel, Álvaro SotoIEEE Access · Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
  46. 2021
    Lifelong Learning Augmented Short Text Stream Clustering MethodJipeng Qiang, Wanyin Xu, Yun Li … Yi ZhuIEEE Access · Yangzhou University
  47. 2021
    Homeostasis-Inspired Continual Learning: Learning to Control Structural RegularizationJoonyoung Kim, Hyowoon Seo, Wan Choi, Kyomin JungIEEE Access · Seoul National University · University of Oulu · +1
  48. 2020
    Confidence Calibration for Incremental LearningDongmin Kang, Yeonsik Jo, Yeongwoo Nam, Jonghyun ChoiIEEE Access · Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
  49. 2020
    Memory Protection Generative Adversarial Network (MPGAN): A Framework to Overcome the Forgetting of GANs Using Parameter Regularization MethodsYifan Chang, Wenbo Li, Jian Peng … Yingliang HuangIEEE Access · University of Science and Technology of China · Hefei Institute of Technology Innovation · +3
  50. 2020
    A Perpetual Learning Algorithm That Incrementally Improves Performance With DeliberationHaiou Qin, Du ZhangIEEE Access · Macau University of Science and Technology
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It lists only papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or led by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. Preprints that later get accepted, and authors who later publish at those venues, are picked up by the weekly run. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.