Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1991 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

960 papers of 4,574 · showing 851–900Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2025
    CurLL: A Developmental Framework to Evaluate Continual Learning in Language ModelsPavan Kalyan Tankala, Shubhra Mishra, Satya Lokam, Navin GoyalFirst BabyLM Workshop · KTH Royal Institute of Technology · Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)
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  2. 2025
    DACIP-RC: Domain Adaptive Continual Instruction Pre-Training via Reading Comprehension on Business ConversationsElena Khasanova, Harsh Saini, Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar … Shashi Bhushan TNEMNLP · DIAL (Germany)
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  3. 2025
    Exploring Stability-Plasticity Trade-Offs for Continual Named Entity RecognitionDuzhen Zhang, Chenxing Li, Jiahua Dong … Dong YuIEEE Transactions · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · Tencent (China) · +3
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  4. 2025
    Mitigating Forgetting in Continual Learning with Selective Gradient ProjectionAnika Singh, David Martinez, Aayush Dhaulakhandi … Ryan LagasseThe 14th International Joint Conference on Natural Langua… · Andover Eye Associates
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  5. 2025
    Reducing the stability gap for continual learning at the edge with class balancingWei Wei, Matthias Hutsebaut-Buysse, Tom De Schepper, Kevin MetsESANN 2025 proceesdings · Department of Physics, Mathematics and Informatics · Imec the Netherlands · +4
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  6. 2025PDF ↗
  7. 2025
    Task-wrapped Continual Learning in Task-Oriented Dialogue SystemsMin Zeng, Haiqin Yang, X. T. Chen, Yike GuoNAACL · Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
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  8. 2025
    Class activation map replay and minimum entropy sampling-based multilabel class-incremental learningYifan Zhou, Kaile Du, Fan Lyu … Guangcan LiuJournal of Image and Graphics · Southeast University
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  9. 2025
    Compression-based kNN for Class Incremental Continual LearningValerie Vaquet, Jonas Vaquet, Fabian Hinder, Barbara HammerESANN 2025 proceesdings · Bielefeld University · Hochschule Bielefeld
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  10. 2025
    Continual Learning in Large Language Models: Foundations to FrontiersP. K. Srijith, Shrey Satapara, Sarath ChandarInternational Joint Conference on Natural Language Proces… · Indian Immunologicals (India) · Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad · +4
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  11. 2025
    MKT: A Multi-Stage Knowledge Transfer Framework to Mitigate Catastrophic Forgetting in Multi-Domain Chinese Spelling CorrectionPeng Xing, Yinghui Li, Shirong Ma … Ying ShenEMNLP · Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute · Beihang University · +2
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  12. 2025
    OVS Meets Continual Learning: Towards Sustainable Open-Vocabulary SegmentationDongjun Hwang, Yejin Kim, Minyoung Lee … Junsuk ChoeNeurIPS · Sogang University · University of Tübingen
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  13. 2025
    S2IL: Structurally Stable Incremental LearningS. Balasubramanian, P Yedu Krishna, Talasu Sai Sriram … Ravi MukkamalaIEEE Access · Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning · Old Dominion University
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  14. 2025
    Continual Learning in Multilingual Sign Language TranslationShakib Yazdani, Josef van Genabith, Cristina España-BonetNAACL
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  19. 2025
    Safeguard Fine-Tuned LLMs Through Pre- and Post-Tuning Model MergingHua Farn, Hsuan Su, Shachi H Kumar … Hung-yi LeeEMNLP
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  22. 2025
    Enhancing Consistency and Mitigating Bias: A Data Replay Approach for Incremental LearningChenyang Wang, Junjun Jiang, Xingyu Hu … Xiangyang JiNeural Networks · Harbin Institute of Technology · Tsinghua University
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  24. 2025
    Region-Based Optimization in Continual Learning for Audio Deepfake DetectionYujie Chen, Jiangyan Yi, Cunhang Fan … Xiaohui ZhangAAAI
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  25. 2025
    Continual Learning: Forget-Free Winning Subnetworks for Video RepresentationsHaeyong Kang, Jaehong Yoon, Sung Ju Hwang, Chang D. YooTPAMI · Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
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  26. 2025
    Relation-Guided Adversarial Learning for Data-Free Knowledge TransferYingping Liang, Ying FuIJCV · Beijing Institute of Technology
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  27. 2025
    MOS: Model Surgery for Pre-Trained Model-Based Class-Incremental LearningHai-Long Sun, Da-Wei Zhou, Hanbin Zhao … Han-Jia YeAAAI
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  30. 2025
    Similarity-based context aware continual learning for spiking neural networksBing Han, Feifei Zhao, Yang Li … Yi ZengNeural Networks · Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence · +3
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  31. 2025
    Adaptive Prompting for Continual Relation Extraction: A Within-Task Variance PerspectiveMinh Thu Le, Tien Ngoc Luu, An Nguyen The … Thien Huu NguyenAAAI
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  32. 2025
    Efficient Online Reinforcement Learning Fine-Tuning Need Not Retain Offline DataZhiyuan Zhou, Peng, Andy, Qiyang Li … Aviral KumarICLR
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  34. 2025
    Contrastive Continual Multiview Clustering With Filtered Structural FusionXinhang Wan, Jiyuan Liu, Hao Yu … En ZhuTNNLS · National University of Defense Technology · Harbin University of Science and Technology
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  35. 2025
    Improving Forward Compatibility in Class Incremental Learning by Increasing Representation Rank and Feature RichnessJaeill Kim, W. C. Lee, Moonjung Eo, Wonjong RheeNeural Networks · CHA University Bundang Medical Center · Seoul National University · +1
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  36. 2025
    Modality-Incremental Learning with Disjoint Relevance Mapping Networks for Image-Based Semantic SegmentationNiharika Hegde, Shishir Muralidhara, René Schuster, Didier StrickerWACV
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  37. 2025
    A Survey on Knowledge Editing of Neural NetworksVittorio Mazzia, Alessandro Pedrani, Andrea Caciolai … Davide BernardiTNNLS · Amazon (United States)
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  38. 2025PDF ↗
  39. 2025
    Continual Learning in the Presence of RepetitionHamed Hemati, Lorenzo Pellegrini, X.W. Duan … Gido M. van de VenNeural Networks · University of St.Gallen · University of Applied Sciences St. Gallen · +10
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  40. 2025
    VersaTune: An Efficient Data Composition Framework for Training Multi-Capability LLMsKeer Lu, Keshi Zhao, Zhang, Zhuoran … Wentao ZhangEMNLP
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  41. 2025
    A unifying framework for generalised Bayesian online learning in non-stationary environmentsGerardo Duràn-Martín, Leandro Sánchez-Betancourt, Alexander Y. Shestopaloff, Kevin MurphyTMLR
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  42. 2025
    A Comprehensive Survey of Forgetting in Deep Learning Beyond Continual LearningZhenyi Wang, Enneng Yang, Li Shen, Heng HuangTPAMI · University of Maryland, College Park · Northeastern University · +1
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  46. 2025
    Language-Inspired Relation Transfer for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningYifan Zhao, Jia Li, Zeyin Song, Yonghong TianTPAMI · Beihang University · Peking University
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  48. 2025
    LoRA vs Full Fine-tuning: An Illusion of EquivalenceReece Shuttleworth, Jacob Andreas, Antonio Torralba, Pratyusha SharmaNeurIPS
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  49. 2025
    Plastic Learning with Deep Fourier FeaturesAlex Lewandowski, Dale Schuurmans, Marlos C. MachadoICLR
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  50. 2025PDF ↗
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It lists only papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or led by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times, and only papers with a PDF we can point you at, so every title opens the paper itself. Preprints that later get accepted, and authors who later publish at those venues, are picked up by the weekly run. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.