Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1991 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

56 papers of 4,574 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Crafting Your Evolving Dreams: Concept-Incremental Versatile CustomizationJiahua Dong, Wenqi Liang, Hongliu Li … Fahad Shahbaz KhanTPAMI · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · University of Trento · +5
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  2. 2026
    Elastic Multi-Gradient Descent for Parallel Continual LearningFan Lyu, Wei Feng, Yuepan Li … Liang WangTPAMI · Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona · Tianjin University · +2
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  3. 2026
    DECODE: Domain-Aware Continual Domain Expansion for Motion PredictionBoqi Li, Haojie Zhu, Henry LiuTPAMI · University of Michigan
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  4. 2026
    Dual-CBA: Improving Online Continual Learning via Dual Continual Bias Adaptors From a Bi-level Optimization PerspectiveHong Wang, Renzhen Wang, Yichen Wu … Deyu MengTPAMI · Xi'an Jiaotong University · Harvard University · +1
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  5. 2026
    Locally Linear Continual Learning for Time Series Based on VC-Theoretical Generalization BoundsYan V. G. Ferreira, Igor Barbosa Lima, Pedro H. G. Mapa S. … A. P. BragaTPAMI · Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais · University of Alberta
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  6. 2026
    Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Continual Learning: A Neural Tangent Kernel PerspectiveJingren Liu, Zhong Ji, Yunlong Yu … Xuelong LiTPAMI · Tianjin University · Zhejiang University · +3
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  7. 2026
    Incremental Online Learning of Randomized Neural Network With Forward RegularizationJunda Wang, Minghui Hu, Ning Li … Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam SuganthanTPAMI · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Nanyang Technological University · +1
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  8. 2026
    Lifelong Learning of Large Language Model Based Agents: A RoadmapJunhao Zheng, Chengming Shi, Xidi Cai … Qianli MaTPAMI · South China University of Technology · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · +2
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  9. 2026PDF ↗
  10. 2023
    Task-Distributionally Robust Data-Free Meta-LearningZixuan Hu, Yongxian Wei, Li Shen … Dacheng TaoTPAMI · Nanyang Technological University · Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute · +6
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  11. 2025
    Graph Memory Learning: Imitating Lifelong Remembering and Forgetting of Brain NetworksJiaxing Miao, Liang Hu, Qi Zhang, Longbing CaoTPAMI · Tongji University · Macquarie University
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  12. 2020
    Simple Lifelong Learning MachinesJoshua T. Vogelstein, Jayanta Dey, Hayden S. Helm … Carey E. PriebeTPAMI · Johns Hopkins University · Baylor College of Medicine · +1
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  13. 2025
    Replay Master: Automatic Sample Selection and Effective Memory Utilization for Continual Semantic SegmentationLanyun Zhu, Tianrun Chen, Jianxiong Yin … Jun LiuTPAMI · Singapore University of Technology and Design · Zhejiang University of Science and Technology · +1
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  14. 2025
    PASS++: A Dual Bias Reduction Framework for Non-Exemplar Class-Incremental LearningFei Zhu, Xu-Yao Zhang, Zhen Cheng, Cheng‐Lin LiuTPAMI · Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +1
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  15. 2025
    Continual Unsupervised Generative ModelingFei Ye, Adrian G. BorşTPAMI · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
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  16. 2025
    HiDe-PET: Continual Learning via Hierarchical Decomposition of Parameter-Efficient TuningLiyuan Wang, Jingyi Xie, Xingxing Zhang … Jun ZhuTPAMI · Tsinghua University
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  17. 2025
    Uncertainty-Calibrated Test-Time Model Adaptation Without ForgettingMingkui Tan, Guohao Chen, Jiaxiang Wu … Shuaicheng NiuTPAMI · South China University of Technology · National University of Singapore · +2
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  18. 2025
    Learning Without Forgetting for Vision-Language ModelsDa-Wei Zhou, Yuanhan Zhang, Yan Wang … Ziwei LiuTPAMI · Nanjing University · Nanyang Technological University
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  19. 2025
    Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning for Classification and Object Detection: A SurveyJinghua Zhang, Li Liu, Olli Sílven … Dewen HuTPAMI · National University of Defense Technology · University of Oulu
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  20. 2025
    Continual Learning: Forget-Free Winning Subnetworks for Video RepresentationsHaeyong Kang, Jaehong Yoon, Sung Ju Hwang, Chang D. YooTPAMI · Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
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  21. 2025
    A Comprehensive Survey of Forgetting in Deep Learning Beyond Continual LearningZhenyi Wang, Enneng Yang, Li Shen, Heng HuangTPAMI · University of Maryland, College Park · Northeastern University · +1
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  22. 2025
    Language-Inspired Relation Transfer for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningYifan Zhao, Jia Li, Zeyin Song, Yonghong TianTPAMI · Beihang University · Peking University
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  23. 2024
    Continual Learning From a Stream of APIsEnneng Yang, Zhenyi Wang, Li Shen … Dacheng TaoTPAMI · Northeastern University · University of Maryland, College Park · +4
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  24. 2025
    When Meta-Learning Meets Online and Continual Learning: A SurveyJaehyeon Son, Soochan Lee, Gunhee KimTPAMI · Seoul National University · LG (South Korea)
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  25. 2024PDF ↗
  26. 2024
    Class-Incremental Learning: A SurveyDa-Wei Zhou, Qiwei Wang, Zhihong Qi … Ziwei LiuTPAMI · Nanyang Technological University · Nanjing University
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  27. 2024PDF ↗
  28. 2024
    Learning With Style: Continual Semantic Segmentation Across Tasks and DomainsMarco Toldo, Umberto Michieli, Pietro ZanuttighTPAMI · University of Padua
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  29. 2024PDF ↗
  30. 2024
    Hierarchical Augmentation and Distillation for Class Incremental Audio-Visual Video RecognitionYukun Zuo, Hantao Yao, Liansheng Zhuang, Changsheng XuTPAMI · University of Science and Technology of China · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +3
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  31. 2024
    Create Your World: Lifelong Text-to-Image DiffusionGan Sun, Wenqi Liang, Jiahua Dong … Yang CongTPAMI · Shenyang Institute of Automation · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +5
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  32. 2024
    A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and ApplicationLiyuan Wang, Xingxing Zhang, Hang Su, Jun ZhuTPAMI · Tsinghua University
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  33. 2024
    Building an Open-Vocabulary Video CLIP Model With Better Architectures, Optimization and DataZuxuan Wu, Zejia Weng, Wujian Peng … Yu–Gang JiangTPAMI · Fudan University · Alpha Omega Alpha Medical Honor Society · +2
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  34. 2024
    No One Left Behind: Real-World Federated Class-Incremental LearningJiahua Dong, Hongliu Li, Yang Cong … Luc Van GoolTPAMI · Shenyang Institute of Automation · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +3
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  35. 2024
    Generalizable Heterogeneous Federated Cross-Correlation and Instance Similarity LearningWenke Huang, Mang Ye, Zekun Shi, Bo DuTPAMI · Wuhan University
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  36. 2021
    Continual Learning: Fast and SlowQuang Pham, Chenghao Liu, Steven C. H. HoiTPAMI · Institute for Infocomm Research · Singapore Management University
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  37. 2023PDF ↗
  38. 2023
    Learnable Distribution Calibration for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningBinghao Liu, Boyu Yang, Lingxi Xie … Qixiang YeTPAMI · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · Huawei Technologies (China)
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  39. 2023
    Multi-Label Classification via Adaptive Resonance Theory-Based ClusteringNaoki Masuyama, Yusuke Nojima, Chu Kiong Loo, Hisao IshibuchiTPAMI · Osaka Metropolitan University · University of Malaya · +1
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  40. 2020
    Class-Incremental Learning: Survey and Performance Evaluation on Image ClassificationMarc Masana, Xialei Liu, Bartłomiej Twardowski … Joost van de WeijerTPAMI · Computer Vision Center
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  41. 2023
    Class-Incremental Continual Learning Into the eXtended DER-VerseMatteo Boschini, Lorenzo Bonicelli, Pietro Buzzega … Simone CalderaraTPAMI · University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
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  42. 2023
    Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning by Sampling Multi-Phase TasksDa-Wei Zhou, Han-Jia Ye, Liang Ma … De-Chuan ZhanTPAMI · Nanjing University
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  43. 2023
    Hierarchical Prototype Networks for Continual Graph Representation LearningXikun Zhang, Dongjin Song, Dacheng TaoTPAMI · The University of Sydney · University of Connecticut
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  44. 2023
    Uncertainty-aware Contrastive Distillation for Incremental Semantic SegmentationGuanglei Yang, Enrico Fini, Dan Xu … Elisa RicciTPAMI · Harbin Institute of Technology · University of Trento · +2
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  45. 2023
    Continual Learning for Blind Image Quality AssessmentWeixia Zhang, Dingquan Li, Chao Ma … Kede MaTPAMI · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Peng Cheng Laboratory · +1
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  46. 2020
    Drinking From a Firehose: Continual Learning With Web-Scale Natural LanguageHexiang Hu, Ozan Şener, Fei Sha, Vladlen KoltunTPAMI · University of Southern California · Intel (United States)
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  47. 2023
    Dynamic Self-Supervised Teacher-Student Network LearningFei Ye, Adrian G. BorşTPAMI · University of York
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  48. 2020
    MgSvF: Multi-Grained Slow versus Fast Framework for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningHanbin Zhao, Yongjian Fu, Mintong Kang … Xi LiTPAMI · Zhejiang University of Science and Technology · Huawei Technologies (China)
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  49. 2022
    Modeling the Background for Incremental and Weakly-Supervised Semantic SegmentationFabio Cermelli, Massimiliano Mancini, Samuel Rota Bulo … Barbara CaputoTPAMI · Politecnico di Torino · TH Bingen University of Applied Sciences · +3
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  50. 2022
    Incremental Object Detection via Meta-LearningK J Joseph, Jathushan Rajasegaran, Salman Khan … Vineeth N BalasubramanianTPAMI · Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It lists only papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or led by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times, and only papers with a PDF we can point you at, so every title opens the paper itself. Preprints that later get accepted, and authors who later publish at those venues, are picked up by the weekly run. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.