Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1991 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

44 papers of 4,574Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    MECAD: A Multi-expert Architecture for Continual Anomaly DetectionMalihe Dahmardeh, Francesco SettiSpringer LNCS · University of Verona
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  2. 2025
    PromptDSI: Prompt-Based Rehearsal-Free Continual Learning for Document RetrievalTuan-Luc Huynh, Thuy-Trang Vu, Weiqing Wang … Thanh-Toan DoSpringer LNCS · Monash University
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  3. 2025
    Plant in Cupboard, Orange on Rably, Inat Aphone. Benchmarking Incremental Learning of Situation and Language Model using a Text-Simulated Situated EnvironmentJonathan Jordan, Sherzod Hakimov, David SchlangenSpringer LNCS · University of Potsdam · German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence
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  4. 2024
    Active Continual Learning: On Balancing Knowledge Retention and LearnabilityThuy-Trang Vu, Shahram Khadivi, Mahsa Ghorbanali … Gholamreza HaffariSpringer LNCS · Kleinwächter (Germany) · Monash University
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  5. 2024
    AdaHAT: Adaptive Hard Attention to the Task in Task-Incremental LearningPengxiang Wang, Hongbo Bo, Jun Hong … Kedian MuSpringer LNCS · Peking University · University of Bristol · +2
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  6. 2024
    Developmental Predictive Coding Model for Early Infancy Mono and Bilingual Vocal Continual LearningXiaodan Chen, Alexandre Pitti, Mathias Quoy, Nancy F. ChenSpringer LNCS · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · +7
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  7. 2023
    Avoiding Forgetting and Allowing Forward Transfer in Continual Learning via Sparse NetworksGhada Sokar, Decebal Constantin Mocanu, Mykola PechenizkiySpringer LNCS · Eindhoven University of Technology · University of Twente
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  8. 2023
    Replay to Remember: Continual Layer-Specific Fine-tuning for German Speech RecognitionTheresa Pekarek Rosin, Stefan WermterSpringer LNCS · Universität Hamburg · Hamburg University of Technology
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  9. 2023
    Generalising via Meta-Examples for Continual Learning in the WildAlessia Bertugli, Stefano Vincenzi, Simone Calderara, Andrea PasseriniSpringer LNCS · University of Trento · University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
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  10. 2020
    Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting via Direction-Constrained OptimizationYunfei Teng, Anna Choromanska, Murray Campbell … Lior HoreshSpringer LNCS · New York University
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  11. 2023
    FETCH: A Memory-Efficient Replay Approach for Continual Learning in Image ClassificationMarkus Weißflog, Peter Protzel, Peer NeubertSpringer LNCS · Chemnitz University of Technology · Koblenz University of Applied Sciences · +1
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  12. 2023
    Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: Research Track: European Conference, ECML PKDD 2023, Turin, Italy, September 18–22, 2023, Proceedings, Part VDanai Koutra, Claudia Plant, Manuel Gomez-Rodriguez … Francesco BonchiSpringer LNCS · University of Michigan · University of Vienna · +2
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  13. 2022
    Distilled Replay: Overcoming Forgetting through Synthetic SamplesAndrea Rosasco, Antonio Carta, Andrea Cossu … Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  14. 2022
    Practical Recommendations for Replay-based Continual Learning MethodsGabriele Merlin, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Andrea Cossu … Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  15. 2022
    Unsupervised Continual Learning Via Pseudo LabelsJiangpeng He, Fengqing ZhuSpringer LNCS · Purdue University West Lafayette
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  16. 2022
    Unsupervised Continual Learning via Self-Adaptive Deep Clustering ApproachMahardhika Pratama, Andri Ashfahani, Edwin LughoferSpringer LNCS · University of South Australia · Nanyang Technological University
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  17. 2022
    SPeCiaL: Self-Supervised Pretraining for Continual LearningLucas Caccia, Joëlle PineauSpringer LNCS · McGill University
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  18. 2022
    Adaptive Online Domain Incremental Continual LearningNuwan Gunasekara, Heitor Murilo Gomes, Albert Bifet, Bernhard PfahringerSpringer LNCS · University of Waikato
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  19. 2022
    Contrastive Supervised Distillation for Continual Representation LearningTommaso Barletti, Niccolò Biondi, Federico Pernici … Alberto Del BimboSpringer LNCS · University of Florence
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  20. 2022
    Avalanche RL: a Continual Reinforcement Learning LibraryNicoló Lucchesi, Antonio Carta, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa
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  21. 2022
    Continual Learning of Long Topic Sequences in Neural Information Retrieval - abstractThomas Gerald, Laure SoulierSpringer LNCS · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Sorbonne Université · +1
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  22. 2022
    Adaptive Neural Networks for Online Domain Incremental Continual LearningNuwan Gunasekara, Heitor Murilo Gomes, Albert Bifet, Bernhard PfahringerSpringer LNCS · University of Waikato
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  23. 2022
    Modular Networks Prevent Catastrophic Interference in Model-Based Multi-Task Reinforcement LearningRobin Schiewer, Laurenz WiskottSpringer LNCS · Ruhr University Bochum
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  24. 2022
    Evaluating Continual Learning Algorithms by Generating 3D Virtual EnvironmentsEnrico Meloni, Alessandro Betti, Lapo Faggi … Stefano MelacciSpringer LNCS · University of Siena · University of Florence
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  25. 2022
    Intelligent Learning Rate Distribution to Reduce Catastrophic Forgetting in TransformersPhilip Kenneweg, Alexander Schulz, Sarah Schröder, Barbara HammerSpringer LNCS · Bielefeld University
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  26. 2022
    Continual Learning with Neuron Activation ImportanceSohee Kim, Seungkyu LeeSpringer LNCS · Kyung Hee University
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  27. 2022
    Modular-Relatedness for Continual LearningAmmar Shaker, Francesco Alesiani, Shujian YuSpringer LNCS · UiT The Arctic University of Norway
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  28. 2022
    On Regret Bounds for Continual Single-Index LearningThe Tien MaiSpringer LNCS · Norwegian University of Science and Technology
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  29. 2021
    Continual Learning with Knowledge Transfer for Sentiment ClassificationZixuan Ke, Bing Liu, Hao Wang, Lei ShuSpringer LNCS · University of Illinois Chicago · Southwest Jiaotong University
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  30. 2021
    Studying Catastrophic Forgetting in Neural Ranking ModelsJesús Lovón-Melgarejo, Laure Soulier, Karen Pinel-Sauvagnat, Lynda TamineSpringer LNCS · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse · +4
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  31. 2021
    Learning without Forgetting for 3D Point Cloud ObjectsTownim Faisal Chowdhury, Mahira Jalisha, Ali Cheraghian, Shafin RahmanSpringer LNCS · North South University · Australian National University · +2
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  32. 2021
    Explaining How Deep Neural Networks Forget by Deep VisualizationGiang V. Nguyen, Chen Shuan, Tae Joon Jun, Daeyoung KimSpringer LNCS · Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology · Ansan University
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  33. 2021
    DRILL: Dynamic Representations for Imbalanced Lifelong LearningKyra Ahrens, Fares Abawi, Stefan WermterSpringer LNCS · Universität Hamburg
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  34. 2021
    Class-incremental Learning with Rectified Feature-Graph PreservationCheng-Hsun Lei, Yi-Hsin Chen, Wen-Hsiao Peng, Wei-Chen ChiuSpringer LNCS · National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
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  35. 2021
    Principal Gradient Direction and Confidence Reservoir Sampling for Continual LearningZhiyi Chen, Tong LinSpringer LNCS · Georgia Institute of Technology · Peking University · +1
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  36. 2020
    Active Class Incremental Learning for Imbalanced DatasetsEden Belouadah, Adrian Popescu, Umang Aggarwal, Léo SaciSpringer LNCS · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies · +1
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  37. 2019
    DeeSIL: Deep-Shallow Incremental LearningEden Belouadah, Adrian PopescuSpringer LNCS · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies
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  38. 2019
    Revisiting Distillation and Incremental Classifier LearningKhurram Javed, Faisal ShafaitSpringer LNCS · National University of Sciences and Technology
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  39. 2019
    Adding New Tasks to a Single Network with Weight Trasformations using Binary MasksMassimiliano Mancini, Elisa Ricci, Barbara Caputo, Samuel Rota BulòSpringer LNCS · Fondazione Bruno Kessler · Sapienza University of Rome · +2
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  40. 2019
    Marginal Replay vs Conditional Replay for Continual LearningTimothée Lesort, Alexander Gepperth, Andrei Stoian, David FilliatSpringer LNCS · École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées · Thales (France) · +1
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  41. 2019
    Lifelong Learning Starting From ZeroClaes Strannegård, Herman Carlström, Niklas Engsner … Morteza Haghir ChehreghaniSpringer LNCS · Chalmers University of Technology
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  42. 2019
    Transfer Learning with Sparse Associative MemoriesQuentin Jodelet, Vincent Gripon, Masafumi HagiwaraSpringer LNCS · Keio University · IMT Atlantique
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  43. 2018
    Catastrophic Forgetting: Still a Problem for DNNsBenedikt Pfülb, Alexander Gepperth, Syahrul Afzal Che Abdullah, Axel KilianSpringer LNCS · Fulda University of Applied Sciences
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  44. 2018
    Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting in Convolutional Neural Networks by Selective Network AugmentationAbel Zacarias, Luı́s A. AlexandreSpringer LNCS · University of Beira Interior · Instituto de Telecomunicações
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It lists only papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or led by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times, and only papers with a PDF we can point you at, so every title opens the paper itself. Preprints that later get accepted, and authors who later publish at those venues, are picked up by the weekly run. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.