Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1991 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

16 papers of 4,574Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting With Adaptive Transformer Block Expansion in Federated Fine-TuningYujia Huo, Jianchun Liu, Hongli Xu … Liusheng HuangIEEE Transactions · University of Science and Technology of China · China University of Mining and Technology
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  2. 2026
    Hybrid Offline–Online Learning of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps for Forecasting Nonstationary Streaming Time SeriesX. Liu, Yingjun Zhang, Hui Wang … Baigen CaiIEEE Transactions · Lanzhou Jiaotong University · Beijing Jiaotong University · +1
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  3. 2023
    Adapter-RL: Adaptation of Any Agent Using Reinforcement LearningYizhao Jin, Greg Slabaugh, Simon LucasIEEE Transactions · Queen Mary University of London
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  4. 2026
    DeSTA2.5-Audio: Toward General-Purpose Large Audio Language Model With Self-Generated Cross-Modal AlignmentK C Lu, Zhehuai Chen, Szu‐Wei Fu … Hung-yi LeeIEEE Transactions · National Taiwan University · National Taipei University · +2
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  5. 2023
    SketchOGD: Memory-Efficient Continual LearningYoungjae Min, Benjamin Wright, J. M. Bernstein, Navid AzizanIEEE Transactions · Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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  6. 2025
    An Empirical Study of Catastrophic Forgetting in Large Language Models During Continual Fine-TuningYun Luo, Zhen Yang, Fandong Meng … Yue ZhangIEEE Transactions · Westlake University · Tencent (China)
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  7. 2025
    Efficient and Robust Continual Graph Learning for Graph Classification in BiologyDing Zhang, Jane Downer, Can Chen, Ren WangIEEE Transactions · Northwestern University · Illinois Institute of Technology · +1
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  8. 2025
    Exploring Stability-Plasticity Trade-Offs for Continual Named Entity RecognitionDuzhen Zhang, Chenxing Li, Jiahua Dong … Dong YuIEEE Transactions · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · Tencent (China) · +3
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  9. 2024PDF ↗
  10. 2024
    Distributed Continual Learning With CoCoA in High-Dimensional Linear RegressionMartin Hellkvist, Ayça Özçelikkale, Anders ÅhlénIEEE Transactions · Uppsala University
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  11. 2023
    BioSLAM: A Bioinspired Lifelong Memory System for General Place RecognitionPeng Yin, Abulikemu Abuduweili, Shiqi Zhao … Sebastian SchererIEEE Transactions · City University of Hong Kong · Carnegie Mellon University
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  12. 2022
    ConCS: A Continual Classifier System for Continual Learning of Multiple Boolean ProblemsTrung B. Nguyen, Will N. Browne, Mengjie ZhangIEEE Transactions · Victoria University of Wellington · Queensland University of Technology
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  13. 2022
    Domain-Incremental Continual Learning for Mitigating Bias in Facial Expression and Action Unit RecognitionNikhil Churamani, Özgür Kara, Hatice GüneşIEEE Transactions · University of Cambridge · Boğaziçi University
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  14. 2020
    Incremental Learning Using a Grow-and-Prune Paradigm With Efficient Neural NetworksXiaoliang Dai, Hongxu Yin, Niraj K. JhaIEEE Transactions · Princeton University
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  15. 2019
    An Incremental Construction of Deep Neuro Fuzzy System for Continual Learning of Nonstationary Data StreamsMahardhika Pratama, Witold Pedrycz, Geoffrey I. WebbIEEE Transactions · Nanyang Technological University · University of Alberta · +1
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  16. 2016
    A Fast, Robust, and Incremental Model for Learning High-Level Concepts From Human Motions by ImitationMina Alibeigi, Majid Nili Ahmadabadi, Babak Nadjar AraabiIEEE Transactions · University of Tehran · Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It lists only papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or led by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times, and only papers with a PDF we can point you at, so every title opens the paper itself. Preprints that later get accepted, and authors who later publish at those venues, are picked up by the weekly run. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.