Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1991 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

30 papers of 4,574Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Learning Adaptive and Expandable Mixture Model for Continual LearningFei Ye, yongcheng zhong, Qihe Liu … Shijie ZhouAAAI · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
    PDF ↗
  2. 2023
    Teacher Agent: A Knowledge Distillation-Free Framework for Rehearsal-Based Video Incremental LearningShengqin Jiang, Yaoyu Fang, Haokui Zhang … Peng WangIJCV · Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology · Northwestern Polytechnical University · +3
    PDF ↗
  3. 2026
    Learning dynamic representations via an optimally-weighted maximum mean discrepancy optimization framework for continual learningKaihui Huang, Runqing Wu, Jinhui Shen … Fei YeKnowledge-Based Systems · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Huazhong University of Science and Technology · +2
    PDF ↗
  4. 2026
    DesCLIP: Robust Continual Learning via General Attribute Descriptions for VLM-Based Visual RecognitionChiyuan He, Zihuan Qiu, Fanman Meng … Hui LiIEEE Trans. Multimedia · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
    PDF ↗
  5. 2025
    Online Continual Learning via Dynamic Expandable Recursive ModelFei Ye, Adrian G. BorşACM International Conference on Multimedia · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Chengdu University of Information Technology · +1
    PDF ↗
  6. 2025
    Towards Redundancy-Free Sub-networks in Continual LearningCheng Chen, Lianli Gao, Pengpeng Zeng … Heng Tao ShenPattern Recognition · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Tongji University
    PDF ↗
  7. 2025
    Evaluating Temporal Plasticity in Foundation Time Series Models for Incremental Fine-TuningJia Jia Liu, Cheng Jinguo, Fang Xia … Yuankai WuIJCNN · Sichuan University · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · +2
    PDF ↗
  8. 2025
    Handling Spatial-Temporal Data Heterogeneity for Federated Continual Learning via Tail AnchorHao Yu, Xin Yang, Le Zhang … Qiang YangCVPR · Southwestern University of Finance and Economics · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · +3
    PDF ↗
  9. 2025
    Online Task-Free Continual Learning via Dynamic Expansionable Memory DistributionFei Ye, Adrian G. BorşCVPR · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
    PDF ↗
  10. 2025
    H2ST: Hierarchical Two-Sample Tests for Continual Out-of-Distribution DetectionYuhang Liu, Wenjie Zhao, Yu GuoCVPR · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
    PDF ↗
  11. 2025
    Training a Dynamic Growing Mixture Model for Lifelong LearningFei Ye, Adrian G. BorşTNNLS · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
    PDF ↗
  12. 2025
    Online task-free continual learning via Expansible Vision TransformerFei Ye, Adrian G. BorşPattern Recognition · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
    PDF ↗
  13. 2025
    Online task-free continual learning via discrepancy mechanismFei Ye, Adrian G. BorşKnowledge-Based Systems · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
    PDF ↗
  14. 2025
    Continual Unsupervised Generative ModelingFei Ye, Adrian G. BorşTPAMI · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
    PDF ↗
  15. 2025
    Dynamic Expansion Diffusion Learning for Lifelong Generative ModellingFei Ye, Adrian G. Borş, Kun ZhangAAAI · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York · +1
    PDF ↗
  16. 2025
    Continual Unsupervised Generative Modelling via Online Optimal TransportFei Ye, Adrian G. Borş, Kun ZhangAAAI · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York · +2
    PDF ↗
  17. 2025
    Lifelong Scalable Generative System via Online Maximum Mean DiscrepancyFei Ye, Adrian G. BorşAAAI · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
    PDF ↗
  18. 2025
    Leveraging Pre-Trained Models for Multimodal Class-Incremental Learning under Adaptive FusionYukun Chen, Zihuan Qiu, Fanman Meng … Qingbo WuICASSP · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
    PDF ↗
  19. 2025
    MINGLE: Mixture of Null-Space Gated Low-Rank Experts for Test-Time Continual Model MergingZihuan Qiu, Yidong Xu, Chiyuan He … Hongliang LiNeurIPS · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Amazon (Germany) · +1
    PDF ↗
  20. 2025
    A3-TTA: Adaptive Anchor Alignment Test-Time Adaptation for Image SegmentationJianghao Wu, Xiangde Luo, Yubo Zhou … Shaoting ZhangTIP · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · +1
    PDF ↗
  21. 2025
    Distribution-Level Memory Recall for Continual Learning: Preserving Knowledge and Avoiding ConfusionShaoxu Cheng, Kanglei Geng, Chiyuan He … Hongliang LiIEEE Trans. Multimedia · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
    PDF ↗
  22. 2025
    C$^2$Prompt: Class-aware Client Knowledge Interaction for Federated Continual LearningKunlun Xu, Yibo Feng, Jiangmeng Li … Jiahuan ZhouNeurIPS · Peking University · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · +3
    PDF ↗
  23. 2024
    Continual compression model for online continual learningFei Ye, Adrian G. BorşApplied Soft Computing · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Chengdu University of Information Technology · +1
    PDF ↗
  24. 2024
    Boosting Continual Learning of Vision-Language Models via Mixture-of-Experts AdaptersJiazuo Yu, Yunzhi Zhuge, Lu Zhang … You HeCVPR · Dalian University of Technology · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · +1
    PDF ↗
  25. 2023
    CUCL: Codebook for Unsupervised Continual LearningCheng Chen, Jingkuan Song, Xiaosu Zhu … Heng Tao ShenACM MM · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
    PDF ↗
  26. 2022
    Incremental Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation via Embedding Adaptive-Update and Hyper-class RepresentationGuangchen Shi, Yirui Wu, Jun Liu … Tong LüACM International Conference on Multimedia · Hohai University · Singapore University of Technology and Design · +3
    PDF ↗
  27. 2022
    Class Gradient Projection For Continual LearningCheng Chen, Ji Zhang, Jingkuan Song, Lianli GaoACM International Conference on Multimedia · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Peng Cheng Laboratory
    PDF ↗
  28. 2020
    Efficient Architecture Search for Continual LearningQiang Gao, Zhipeng Luo, Diego Klabjan, Fengli ZhangTNNLS · Southwestern University of Finance and Economics · Northwestern University · +1
    PDF ↗
  29. 2022
    Continual Referring Expression Comprehension via Dual Modular MemorizationHeng Tao Shen, Cheng Chen, Peng Wang … Jingkuan SongTIP · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Peng Cheng Laboratory · +2
    PDF ↗
  30. 2020
    Learning from the Past: Continual Meta-Learning with Bayesian Graph Neural NetworksYadan Luo, Zi Huang, Zheng Zhang … Yang YangAAAI · The University of Queensland · Harbin Institute of Technology · +1
    PDF ↗
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It lists only papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or led by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times, and only papers with a PDF we can point you at, so every title opens the paper itself. Preprints that later get accepted, and authors who later publish at those venues, are picked up by the weekly run. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.