Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1991 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

21 papers of 4,574Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Elastic Multi-Gradient Descent for Parallel Continual LearningFan Lyu, Wei Feng, Yuepan Li … Liang WangTPAMI · Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona · Tianjin University · +2
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  2. 2026
    Lifelong Learning of Large Language Model Based Agents: A RoadmapJunhao Zheng, Chengming Shi, Xidi Cai … Qianli MaTPAMI · South China University of Technology · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · +2
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  3. 2026
    Type-Balanced Contextual Learning for Incremental Named Entity RecognitionDuzhen Zhang, Yahan Yu, Xiuyi Chen … Dong YuIEEE TAI · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · Kyoto University · +2
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  4. 2025
    One-for-More: Continual Diffusion Model for Anomaly DetectionXiaofan Li, Xin Tan, Zhuo Chen … Yuan XieCVPR · East China Normal University · Xiamen University · +2
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  5. 2025
    Uncertainty-Calibrated Test-Time Model Adaptation Without ForgettingMingkui Tan, Guohao Chen, Jiaxiang Wu … Shuaicheng NiuTPAMI · South China University of Technology · National University of Singapore · +2
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  6. 2025
    Instruct Where the Model Fails: Generative Data Augmentation via Guided Self-contrastive Fine-tuningWeijian Ma, Ruoxin Chen, Ke-Yue Zhang … Shouhong DingAAAI · Fudan University · Tencent (China)
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  7. 2025
    HDMoLE: Mixture of LoRA Experts with Hierarchical Routing and Dynamic Thresholds for Fine-Tuning LLM-based ASR ModelsBingshen Mu, Kun Wei, Qijie Shao … Lei XieICASSP · Northwestern Polytechnical University · Tencent (China)
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  8. 2025
    An Empirical Study of Catastrophic Forgetting in Large Language Models During Continual Fine-TuningYun Luo, Zhen Yang, Fandong Meng … Yue ZhangIEEE Transactions · Westlake University · Tencent (China)
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  9. 2025
    Exploring Stability-Plasticity Trade-Offs for Continual Named Entity RecognitionDuzhen Zhang, Chenxing Li, Jiahua Dong … Dong YuIEEE Transactions · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · Tencent (China) · +3
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  10. 2024
    Task-Adaptive Saliency Guidance for Exemplar-Free Class Incremental LearningXialei Liu, Jiang-Tian Zhai, Andrew D. Bagdanov … Ming‐Ming ChengCVPR · Nankai University · University of Florence · +1
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  11. 2024
    Learning Task-Aware Language-Image Representation for Class-Incremental Object DetectionHongquan Zhang, Bin-Bin Gao, Yi Zeng … Yuan XieAAAI · East China Normal University · Tencent (China) · +1
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  12. 2021
    Relational Experience Replay: Continual Learning by Adaptively Tuning Task-Wise RelationshipQuanziang Wang, Renzhen Wang, Yuexiang Li … Deyu MengIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Xi'an Jiaotong University · Tencent (China) · +1
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  13. 2024
    Continual Learning with Semi-supervised Contrastive Distillation for Incremental Neural Machine TranslationYunlong Liang, Fandong Meng, Jiaan Wang … Jie ZhouACL · Beijing Jiaotong University · Tencent (China)
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  14. 2023
    Masked Autoencoders are Efficient Class Incremental LearnersJiang-Tian Zhai, Xialei Liu, Andrew D. Bagdanov … Ming‐Ming ChengICCV · Nankai University · University of Florence · +1
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  15. 2024
    Dynamics-Adaptive Continual Reinforcement Learning via Progressive ContextualizationTiantian Zhang, Zichuan Lin, Yuxing Wang … Xiu LiTNNLS · Tencent (China) · Tsinghua University · +1
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  16. 2023
    Knowledge Transfer in Incremental Learning for Multilingual Neural Machine TranslationKaiyu Huang, Peng Li, Jin Ma … Yang LiuACL · Tsinghua University · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence · +5
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  17. 2022
    Entropy-Based Vocabulary Substitution for Incremental Learning in Multilingual Neural Machine TranslationKaiyu Huang, Peng Li, Jin Ma, Yang LiuEMNLP · Tsinghua University · Peng Cheng Laboratory · +5
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  18. 2021
    One Person, One Model, One World: Learning Continual User Representation without ForgettingFajie Yuan, Guoxiao Zhang, Alexandros Karatzoglou … Yudong LiENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) · Tencent (China) · Westlake University · +2
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  19. 2021
    Iterative Network Pruning with Uncertainty Regularization for Lifelong Sentiment ClassificationBinzong Geng, Min Yang, Fajie Yuan … Ruifeng XuSIGIR · University of Science and Technology of China · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +5
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  20. 2020
    Continual Relation Learning via Episodic Memory Activation and ReconsolidationXu Han, Yi Dai, Tianyu Gao … Jie ZhouACL · Intelligent Systems Research (United States) · Intelligent Health (United Kingdom) · +3
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  21. 2020
    Disentangle-based Continual Graph Representation LearningXiaoyu Kou, Yankai Lin, Shaobo Liu … Yan ZhangEMNLP · Peking University · Tencent (China)
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It lists only papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or led by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times, and only papers with a PDF we can point you at, so every title opens the paper itself. Preprints that later get accepted, and authors who later publish at those venues, are picked up by the weekly run. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.