Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1991 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

40 papers of 4,574Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    MEMTS: Internalizing Domain Knowledge via Parameterized Memory for Retrieval-Free Domain Adaptation of Time Series Foundation ModelsXiaoyun Yu, Li Fan, Xiangfei Qiu … Jilin HuKDD · East China Normal University · Shanghai Innovative Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine · +3
    PDF ↗
  2. 2026
    Decomposing the Neurons: Activation Sparsity via Mixture of Experts for Continual Test Time AdaptationRongyu Zhang, Aosong Cheng, Y. Luo … Yuan DuAAAI · Hong Kong Polytechnic University · Peking University · +3
    PDF ↗
  3. 2026
    L2-LoRA: Improving Low-Rank Adaptation with Layer-Specific RegularizationXiang Zhang, Rui Xie, Siyuan ZhangAAAI · Peking University
    PDF ↗
  4. 2026
    Reinforcement Learning with Semantic Rewards Enables Low-Resource Language Expansion without Alignment TaxZeli Su, Ziyin Zhang, Zhou Liu … Wentao ZhangACL · Minzu University of China · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · +4
    PDF ↗
  5. 2026
    Soft Orthogonal Low-Rank Adaptation for Knowledge Sharing in Large Language Model Continual LearningYitong Wang, Xue Han, Wenchun Gao … Junlan FengACL · Jiuquan Iron & Steel (China) · China Mobile (China) · +1
    PDF ↗
  6. 2026
    VFA: Empowering Multilingual MLLMs via Vision-Free AdaptationYixia Li, Yaqing Shi, Zhiwen Ruan … Furu WeiACL · Southern University of Science and Technology · Shanghai University of Finance and Economics · +3
    PDF ↗
  7. 2025
    Learning New Concepts, Remembering the Old: Continual Learning for Multimodal Concept Bottleneck ModelsSongning Lai, Mingqian Liao, Zhangyi Hu … Yutao YueACM International Conference on Multimedia · Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials · University of Hong Kong · +3
    PDF ↗
  8. 2025
    CFSSeg: Closed-Form Solution for Class-Incremental Semantic Segmentation of 2D Images and 3D Point CloudsJia Xu Li, Rui Li, Jianyu Qi … Huiping ZhuangACM International Conference on Multimedia · Central South University · Zhengzhou University · +4
    PDF ↗
  9. 2025
    CASA: Class-Agnostic Shared Attributes in Vision-Language Models for Efficient Incremental Object DetectionMingyi Guo, Yuyang Liu, Zhiyuan Yan … Yonghong TianIEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) · Peking University
    PDF ↗
  10. 2025
    Incremental Object Keypoint LearningMingfu Liang, Jiahuan Zhou, Xu Zou, Ying WuCVPR · Peking University · Huazhong University of Science and Technology
    PDF ↗
  11. 2025
    Anterograde interference in multitask perceptual learningJia Yang, Fang-Fang Yan, Tingting Wang … Chang‐Bing Huangnpj Science of Learning · Peking University · Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences · +6
    PDF ↗
  12. 2025
    Research on the Online Update Method for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Model with Incremental LearningYuxin Fan, Yuxiang Wang, Lipeng Liu … Zidong YuInternational Conference on Neural Networks, Information… · University of Toronto · Stevens Institute of Technology · +3
    PDF ↗
  13. 2025
    C$^2$Prompt: Class-aware Client Knowledge Interaction for Federated Continual LearningKunlun Xu, Yibo Feng, Jiangmeng Li … Jiahuan ZhouNeurIPS · Peking University · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · +3
    PDF ↗
  14. 2025
    Language-Inspired Relation Transfer for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningYifan Zhao, Jia Li, Zeyin Song, Yonghong TianTPAMI · Beihang University · Peking University
    PDF ↗
  15. 2024
    CLOVA: A Closed-LOop Visual Assistant with Tool Usage and UpdateZhi Gao, Yuntao Du, Xintong Zhang … Qing LiCVPR · King University · Peking University · +2
    PDF ↗
  16. 2024
    Continual-MAE: Adaptive Distribution Masked Autoencoders for Continual Test-Time AdaptationJiaming Liu, Ran Xu, Senqiao Yang … Shanghang ZhangCVPR · Peking University · University of Hong Kong · +2
    PDF ↗
  17. 2024
    Solving the Catastrophic Forgetting Problem in Generalized Category DiscoveryXinzi Cao, Xiawu Zheng, Guanhong Wang … Yonghong TianCVPR · Sun Yat-sen University · Peng Cheng Laboratory · +2
    PDF ↗
  18. 2024
    Distribution-Aware Continual Test-Time Adaptation for Semantic SegmentationJiayi Ni, Senqiao Yang, Ran Xu … Shanghang ZhangICRA · King University · Peking University · +2
    PDF ↗
  19. 2024
    Continual Vision-Language Retrieval via Dynamic Knowledge RectificationZhenyu Cui, Yuxin Peng, Xun Wang … Jiahuan ZhouAAAI · Peking University
    PDF ↗
  20. 2024
    Adaptive Discovering and Merging for Incremental Novel Class DiscoveryGuangyao Chen, Peixi Peng, Yangru Huang … Yonghong TianAAAI · Peking University · Peng Cheng Laboratory
    PDF ↗
  21. 2024
    TaSL: Continual Dialog State Tracking via Task Skill Localization and ConsolidationYujie Feng, Xu Chu, Yongxin Xu … Xiao-Ming WuACL · Hong Kong Polytechnic University · Peking University · +1
    PDF ↗
  22. 2024
    AdaHAT: Adaptive Hard Attention to the Task in Task-Incremental LearningPengxiang Wang, Hongbo Bo, Jun Hong … Kedian MuSpringer LNCS · Peking University · University of Bristol · +2
    PDF ↗
  23. 2023
    Continual Learning on Dynamic Graphs via Parameter IsolationPeiyan Zhang, Yuchen Yan, Chaozhuo Li … Sunghun KimSIGIR · Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · Peking University · +3
    PDF ↗
  24. 2023
    Learning with Fantasy: Semantic-Aware Virtual Contrastive Constraint for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningZeyin Song, Yifan Zhao, Yujun Shi … Yonghong TianCVPR · Peking University · National University of Singapore · +1
    PDF ↗
  25. 2023
    Regularizing Second-Order Influences for Continual LearningZhicheng Sun, Yadong Mu, Gang HuaCVPR · Peking University · Peng Cheng Laboratory
    PDF ↗
  26. 2023
    Dealing with Cross-Task Class Discrimination in Online Continual LearningYiduo Guo, Bing Liu, Dongyan ZhaoCVPR · Peking University · University of Illinois Chicago
    PDF ↗
  27. 2022
    Continual Contrastive Learning for Image ClassificationZhiwei Lin, Yongtao Wang, Hongxiang LinIEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) · Peking University
    PDF ↗
  28. 2022PDF ↗
  29. 2022
    Alleviating Representational Shift for Continual Fine-tuningShibo Jie, Zhihong Deng, Ziheng LiCVPR · Peking University · Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)
    PDF ↗
  30. 2022
    Learn and Review: Enhancing Continual Named Entity Recognition via Reviewing Synthetic SamplesYu Xia, Quan Wang, Yajuan Lyu … Dai DaiACL · Peking University · Baidu (China)
    PDF ↗
  31. 2021
    Continual Neural Mapping: Learning An Implicit Scene Representation from Sequential ObservationsZike Yan, Yuxin Tian, Xuesong Shi … Hongbin ZhaICCV · King University · Peking University · +1
    PDF ↗
  32. 2021
    Generative Feature Replay with Orthogonal Weight Modification for Continual LearningGehui Shen, Song Zhang, Xiang Chen, Zhihong DengIJCNN · Peking University
    PDF ↗
  33. 2021
    Continual Learning for Neural Machine TranslationYue Cao, Haoran Wei, Boxing Chen, Xiaojun WanNAACL · Peking University · Alibaba Group (United States)
    PDF ↗
  34. 2021
    Principal Gradient Direction and Confidence Reservoir Sampling for Continual LearningZhiyi Chen, Tong LinSpringer LNCS · Georgia Institute of Technology · Peking University · +1
    PDF ↗
  35. 2020
    Streaming Graph Neural Networks via Continual LearningJunshan Wang, Guojie Song, Yi Wu, Liang WangCIKM · Peking University · Alibaba Group (China)
    PDF ↗
  36. 2020
    Self-Supervised Learning Aided Class-Incremental Lifelong LearningSong Zhang, Gehui Shen, Huang, Jinsong, Deng, Zhi-HongarXiv · Peking University
    PDF ↗
  37. 2020
    IROS 2019 Lifelong Robotic Vision: Object Recognition Challenge [Competitions]Heechul Bae, Eoin Brophy, Rosa H. M. Chan … Liguang ZhouIEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine · Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute · Dublin City University · +9
    PDF ↗
  38. 2020
    Disentangle-based Continual Graph Representation LearningXiaoyu Kou, Yankai Lin, Shaobo Liu … Yan ZhangEMNLP · Peking University · Tencent (China)
    PDF ↗
  39. 2020
    Using the Past Knowledge to Improve Sentiment ClassificationQi Qin, Wenpeng Hu, Bing LiuEMNLP · Peking University · King University
    PDF ↗
  40. 2019
    Bayesian Optimized Continual Learning with Attention MechanismJu Xu, Jin Ma, Zhanxing ZhuarXiv · Peking University
    PDF ↗
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It lists only papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or led by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times, and only papers with a PDF we can point you at, so every title opens the paper itself. Preprints that later get accepted, and authors who later publish at those venues, are picked up by the weekly run. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.