Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1991 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

51 papers of 4,574 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
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    Heads collapse, features stay: Why Replay needs big buffersLanzillotta, Giulia, Meier, Damiano, Hofmann, ThomasICLR
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    A theory of initialisation’s impact on specialisationDevon Jarvis, Sebastian Lee, Clémentine Carla Juliette Dominé … Stefano Sarao MannelliICLR · University of the Witwatersrand · Simons Foundation · +6
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    Optimal protocols for continual learning via statistical physics and control theoryFrancesco Mori, Stefano Sarao Mannelli, Francesca MignaccoICLR · University of Oxford · University of the Witwatersrand · +4
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    Rethinking Continual Learning with Progressive Neural CollapseZheng Wang, Wenhua Yu, Yang Li, Sen LinICLR
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    Privacy-Aware Lifelong LearningOzan Özdenizci, Elmar Rueckert, Robert LegensteinICLR
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    Sculpting Subspaces: Constrained Full Fine-Tuning in LLMs for Continual LearningN. Nayak, Krishnateja Killamsetty, Ligong Han … Akash SrivastavaICLR
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    Meta-Continual Learning of Neural FieldsSeongyoun Woo, Yun, Junhyeog, Gunhee KimICLR
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    Enhanced Continual Learning of Vision-Language Models with Model FusionHaoyuan Gao, Zicong Zhang, Wei, Yuqi … Weiran HuangICLR
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    CLDyB: Towards Dynamic Benchmarking for Continual Learning with Pre-trained ModelsShengzhuang Chen, Liao, Yikai, Xiaoxiao Sun … Ying WeiICLR
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    STAR: Stability-Inducing Weight Perturbation for Continual LearningMasih Eskandar, Tooba Imtiaz, Hill, Davin … Jennifer DyICLR
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    Advancing Prompt-Based Methods for Replay-Independent General Continual LearningZhiqi Kang, Liyuan Wang, Xingxing Zhang, Karteek AlahariICLR
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    Spurious Forgetting in Continual Learning of Language ModelsJunhao Zheng, Cai, Xidi, Shengjie Qiu, Qianli MaICLR
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    SD-LoRA: Scalable Decoupled Low-Rank Adaptation for Class Incremental LearningYichen Wu, Hongming Piao, Long-Kai Huang … Ying WeiICLR
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    Efficient Online Reinforcement Learning Fine-Tuning Need Not Retain Offline DataZhiyuan Zhou, Peng, Andy, Qiyang Li … Aviral KumarICLR
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    Plastic Learning with Deep Fourier FeaturesAlex Lewandowski, Dale Schuurmans, Marlos C. MachadoICLR
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    Closed-form merging of parameter-efficient modules for Federated Continual LearningRiccardo Salami, Pietro Buzzega, Matteo Mosconi … Simone CalderaraICLR
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    LiNeS: Post-training Layer Scaling Prevents Forgetting and Enhances Model MergingKe Wang, Nikolaos Dimitriadis, Alessandro Favero … Pascal FrossardICLR
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    Adapt-∞: Scalable Continual Multimodal Instruction Tuning via Dynamic Data SelectionAdyasha Maharana, Jaehong Yoon, Tianlong Chen, Mohit BansalICLR
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    Neuroplastic Expansion in Deep Reinforcement LearningJiashun Liu, Johan Obando-Ceron, Aaron Courville, Ling PanICLR
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    LeanAgent: Lifelong Learning for Formal Theorem ProvingAdarsh Kumarappan, Mohit Tiwari, Peiyang Song … Anima AnandkumarICLR
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    Self-Updatable Large Language Models by Integrating Context into Model ParametersYu Wang, Xinshuang Liu, Xiusi Chen … Julian McAuleyICLR
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    LoRanPAC: Low-rank Random Features and Pre-trained Models for Bridging Theory and Practice in Continual LearningLiangzu Peng, Juan Elenter, Joshua Agterberg … René Víctor Valqui VidalICLR
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    Theory on Mixture-of-Experts in Continual LearningHongbo Li, Sen Lin, Lingjie Duan … Ness B. ShroffICLR
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    MOS: Model Synergy for Test-Time Adaptation on LiDAR-Based 3D Object DetectionZhuoxiao Chen, Junjie Meng, Mahsa Baktashmotlagh … Yadan LuoICLR
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    Towards Continuous Reuse of Graph Models via Holistic Memory DiversificationZiyue Qiao, Junren Xiao, Qingqiang Sun … Xiong, HuiICLR
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    Learning Continually by Spectral RegularizationAlex Lewandowski, Bortkiewicz, Michał, Saurabh Kumar … Marlos C. MachadoICLR
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    Perturbation-Restrained Sequential Model EditingJun-Yu Ma, Hong Wang, Hao-Xiang Xu … Jia-Chen GuICLR
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    A Second-Order Perspective on Model Compositionality and Incremental LearningAngelo Porrello, Lorenzo Bonicelli, Pietro Buzzega … Rita CucchiaraICLR
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    Adaptive Retention&Correction: Test-Time Training for Continual LearningHao Chen, Micah Goldblum, Zuxuan Wu, Yu–Gang JiangICLR
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It lists only papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or led by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times, and only papers with a PDF we can point you at, so every title opens the paper itself. Preprints that later get accepted, and authors who later publish at those venues, are picked up by the weekly run. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.