Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1991 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

960 papers of 4,574 · showing 351–400Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2025
    Reactivation: Empirical NTK Dynamics Under Task ShiftsYuzhi Liu, Zixuan Chen, Zirui Zhang … Giulia LanzillottaarXiv
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  2. 2025
    Balancing Expressivity and Robustness: Constrained Rational Activations for Reinforcement LearningRafal Surdej, Michal Bortkiewicz, Alex Lewandowski … Clare LylearXiv
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  3. 2025
    A Conformal Predictive Measure for Assessing Catastrophic ForgettingIoannis Pitsiorlas, Nour Jamoussi, Marios KountourisInternational Conference on Advanced Machine Learning and… · EURECOM
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  4. 2025
    GRID: Scaling Task-Agnostic Inference in Continual Prompt TuningAnushka Tiwari, Sayantan Pal, Rohini K. Srihari, Kaiyi JiarXiv
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  5. 2025
    Continually Learn to Map Visual Concepts to Large Language Models in Resource-constrained EnvironmentsClea Rebillard, Julio Hurtado, Andrii Krutsylo … Vincenzo LomonacoNeurocomputing · Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux · University of Warwick · +3
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  6. 2025
    Dynamic gain neuromodulation attenuates the stability gap under joint trainingAlejandro Rodríguez-García, Anindya Ghosh, Srikanth RamaswamyarXiv
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  7. 2025
    R^2MoE: Redundancy-Removal Mixture of Experts for Lifelong Concept LearningXiaohan Guo, Yusong Cai, Ze-Jia Liu … Hongliang LiarXiv
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  8. 2025
    Information-Theoretic Generalization Bounds of Replay-based Continual LearningWen Wen, Tieliang Gong, Zeyu Gao … Yong‐Jin LiuarXiv
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  9. 2025PDF ↗
  10. 2025
    Federated Continual Learning: Concepts, Challenges, and SolutionsParisa Hamedi, Roozbeh Razavi‐Far, Ehsan HallajiNeurocomputing · University of New Brunswick · University of Windsor
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  11. 2025
    PKI: Prior knowledge-infused neural network for few-shot class-incremental learningKexin Bao, Fanzhao Lin, Zichen Wang … Shiming GeNeural Networks · Institute of Information Engineering · NARI Group (China) · +2
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  12. 2025
    Towards Redundancy-Free Sub-networks in Continual LearningCheng Chen, Lianli Gao, Pengpeng Zeng … Heng Tao ShenPattern Recognition · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Tongji University
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  13. 2025
    A Neural Network Model of Complementary Learning Systems: Pattern Separation and Completion for Continual LearningJun, James P, Vijay Marupudi, Raj Sanjay Shah, Sashank VarmaCognitive Science
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  14. 2025
    Class Incremental Learning for Algorithm SelectionM Németh, Emma Hart, Kevin Sim, Quentin RenauGenetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion · Edinburgh Napier University
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  15. 2025
    A Simple Baseline for Stable and Plastic Neural NetworksEberhard Künzel, Achref Jaziri, Visvanathan RamesharXiv
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  16. 2025
    Continual Text-to-Video Retrieval with Frame Fusion and Task-Aware RoutingZecheng Zhao, Zhi Chen, Zi Huang … Tong ChenSIGIR · The University of Queensland · University of Southern Queensland
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  18. 2025
    Dynamic Time-aware Continual User Representation LearningS. K. Choi, Sein Kim, Hongseok Kang … Chanyoung ParkSIGIR · Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
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  24. 2025
    Lifelong Evolution of SwarmsLorenzo Leuzzi, Davide Bacciu, Sabine Hauert … Andrea CossuGenetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference · University of Pisa · University of Cagliari · +1
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  25. 2025
    When Does Neuroevolution Outcompete Reinforcement Learning in Transfer Learning Tasks?Eleni Nisioti, Erwan Plantec, Milton L. Montero … Sebastian RisiGenetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference · IT University of Copenhagen
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  29. 2025
    Thousand-Brains Systems: Sensorimotor Intelligence for Rapid, Robust Learning and InferenceNiels Leadholm, Viviane Clay, Scott G. Knudstrup … Jeff HawkinsNeural Computation
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  30. 2025
    Recovering Plasticity of Neural Networks via Soft Weight RescalingSeungwon Oh, Sangyeon Park, Isaac Han, Kyung-Joong KimarXiv
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  31. 2025PDF ↗
  32. 2025
    Addressing The Devastating Effects Of Single-Task Data Poisoning In Exemplar-Free Continual LearningStanisław Pawlak, Bartłomiej Twardowski, T. P. Trzcinski, Joost van de WeijerarXiv · Warsaw University of Technology · Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona · +1
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  33. 2025
    MemOS: A Memory OS for AI SystemZhiyu Li, Chunyan Xi, Chunyu Li … Feiyu XiongarXiv
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  34. 2025
    Continual Gradient Low-Rank Projection Fine-Tuning for LLMsChenxu Wang, Yilin Lyu, Zicheng Sun, Liping JingACL
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  35. 2025
    Adapt & Align: Continual Learning with Generative Models Latent Space AlignmentKamil Rafał Deja, Bartosz Cywiński, Jan Rybarczyk, T. P. TrzcinskiNeurocomputing · Warsaw University of Technology · IDEA of Development Foundation · +1
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  36. 2025PDF ↗
  37. 2025
    NIRANTAR: Continual Learning with New Languages and Domains on Real-world Speech DataTahir Javed, Kaushal Bhogale, Mitesh M. KhapraInterspeech
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  38. 2025
    Confounder-Free Continual Learning via Recursive Feature NormalizationYash Shah, Camila González, Mohammad Abbasi … E. AdeliICML
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  41. 2025
    Where’s That Voice Coming? Continual Learning for Sound Source LocalizationYang Xiao, Rohan Kumar DasIEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)
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  42. 2025
    SPARC: Subspace-Aware Prompt Adaptation for Robust Continual Learning in LLMsDinithi Jayasuriya, Sina Tayebati, Davide Ettori … Amit Ranjan TrivediIJCNN · University of Illinois Chicago · Intel (United States)
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  43. 2025
    Ella: Embodied Social Agents with Lifelong MemoryHongxin Zhang, Zheyuan Zhang, Zeyuan Wang … Chuang GanarXiv
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  44. 2025
    Evaluating Temporal Plasticity in Foundation Time Series Models for Incremental Fine-TuningJia Jia Liu, Cheng Jinguo, Fang Xia … Yuankai WuIJCNN · Sichuan University · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · +2
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  45. 2025
    Remembering Transformer for Continual LearningYuwei Sun, Ippei Fujisawa, Arthur Juliani … Ryota KanaiIJCNN · Konya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi · Microsoft Research (United Kingdom) · +1
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  46. 2025
    TinyCL: An Efficient Hardware Architecture for Continual Learning on Autonomous SystemsEugenio Ressa, Alberto Marchisio, Maurizio Martina … Muhammad ShafiqueIJCNN · Politecnico di Torino · New York University Abu Dhabi
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  47. 2025
    CASA: Class-Agnostic Shared Attributes in Vision-Language Models for Efficient Incremental Object DetectionMingyi Guo, Yuyang Liu, Zhiyuan Yan … Yonghong TianIEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) · Peking University
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  48. 2025
    GenCNER: A Generative Framework for Continual Named Entity RecognitionYawen Yang, Fukun Ma, Shiao Meng … Lijie WenIJCNN · Tsinghua University
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  49. 2025
    On Sequential Maximum a Posteriori Inference for Continual LearningMenghao Waiyan William Zhu, Erçan E. KuruoğluIJCNN · Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute
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  50. 2025
    Interleaved Replay of Novel and Familiar Memory Traces During Slow-Wave Sleep Prevents Catastrophic ForgettingRyan Golden, Rajat Saxena, Oscar C. González … Maxim BazhenovbioRxiv · University of California San Diego · University of California, Irvine · +2
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It lists only papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or led by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times, and only papers with a PDF we can point you at, so every title opens the paper itself. Preprints that later get accepted, and authors who later publish at those venues, are picked up by the weekly run. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.