Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1991 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

37 papers of 4,574Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Decomposing the Neurons: Activation Sparsity via Mixture of Experts for Continual Test Time AdaptationRongyu Zhang, Aosong Cheng, Y. Luo … Yuan DuAAAI · Hong Kong Polytechnic University · Peking University · +3
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  2. 2026
    BOFA: Bridge-Layer Orthogonal Low-Rank Fusion for CLIP-Based Class-Incremental LearningLan Li, Tao Hu, Da-Wei Zhou … De-Chuan ZhanAAAI · Nanjing University
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  3. 2026
    Why not transform chat large language models to non-English?Xiang Geng, Ming Zhu, Jiahuan Li … Shujian HuangFrontiers of Computer Science · Nanjing University · Huawei Technologies (China)
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  4. 2026
    Dual prototypes for adaptive pre-trained model in class-incremental learningZhiming Xu, Zhiming Xu, Suorong Yang … Jian ZhaoNeural Networks · Nanjing University · Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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  5. 2025PDF ↗
  6. 2025
    External Knowledge Injection for CLIP-Based Class-Incremental LearningDawei Zhou, Kaiwen Li, Jingyi Ning … De‐Chuan ZhanICCV · Nanjing University
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  7. 2025PDF ↗
  8. 2025
    Task-Agnostic Guided Feature Expansion for Class-Incremental LearningBowen Zheng, Da-Wei Zhou, Han-Jia Ye, De‐Chuan ZhanCVPR · Nanjing University
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  9. 2025
    Few-Shot Incremental Learning via Foreground Aggregation and Knowledge Transfer for Audio-Visual Semantic SegmentationJingqiao Xiu, Mengze Li, Zongxin Yang … Roger ZimmermannAAAI · National University of Singapore · Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · +4
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  10. 2025
    Deconfound Semantic Shift and Incompleteness in Incremental Few-shot Semantic SegmentationYirui Wu, Yuhang Xia, Hao Li … Shaohua WanAAAI · Hohai University · Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China · +3
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  11. 2025
    PILOT: a pre-trained model-based continual learning toolboxHailong Sun, Dawei Zhou, De‐Chuan Zhan, Han-Jia YeInformation Sciences · Nanjing University
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  12. 2025
    Learning Without Forgetting for Vision-Language ModelsDa-Wei Zhou, Yuanhan Zhang, Yan Wang … Ziwei LiuTPAMI · Nanjing University · Nanyang Technological University
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  13. 2025
    Preserving and combining knowledge in robotic lifelong reinforcement learningYuan Meng, Zhenshan Bing, Xiangtong Yao … Alois KnollNature Machine Intelligence · Technical University of Munich · Nanjing University · +2
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  14. 2025
    Gated Integration of Low-Rank Adaptation for Continual Learning of Large Language ModelsYan-Shuo Liang, Chen Jia-rui, Wu-Jun LiNeurIPS · Nanjing University
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  15. 2025
    Exploiting Task Relationships in Continual Learning via Transferability-Aware Task EmbeddingsYanru Wu, Jianning Wang, Xiangyu Chen … Yang LiNeurIPS · Tsinghua University · Harbin Institute of Technology · +3
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  16. 2025
    Revisiting Class-Incremental Learning with Pre-Trained Models: Generalizability and Adaptivity are All You NeedDa-Wei Zhou, Zi-Wen Cai, Han-Jia Ye … Ziwei LiuIJCV · Nanjing University · Nanyang Technological University
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  17. 2024
    Continual Multi-View Clustering with Consistent Anchor GuidanceWei Hua, Chenlin Zhou, Jibin Wu … Yangyang ShuIJCAI · Nanjing University · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · +3
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  18. 2024
    Class-Incremental Learning: A SurveyDa-Wei Zhou, Qiwei Wang, Zhihong Qi … Ziwei LiuTPAMI · Nanyang Technological University · Nanjing University
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  19. 2025
    Multiagent Continual Coordination via Progressive Task ContextualizationLei Yuan, Lihe Li, Ziqian Zhang … Yang YuTNNLS · Nanjing University
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  20. 2024
    InfLoRA: Interference-Free Low-Rank Adaptation for Continual LearningYan-Shuo Liang, Wu-Jun LiCVPR · Nanjing University
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  21. 2024
    Expandable Subspace Ensemble for Pre-Trained Model-Based Class-Incremental LearningDa-Wei Zhou, Hailong Sun, Han-Jia Ye, De-Chuan ZhanCVPR · Nanjing University
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  22. 2024
    Towards Backward-Compatible Continual Learning of Image CompressionZhihao Duan, Ming Lu, Justin Yang … Fengqing ZhuCVPR · Purdue University West Lafayette · Nanjing University
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  23. 2023
    Learnware: small models do bigZhihua Zhou, Zhi-Hao TanInformation Sciences · Nanjing University
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  24. 2023
    Online Attentive Kernel-Based Temporal Difference LearningXingguo Chen, Guang Yang, Shangdong Yang … Yang GaoKnowledge-Based Systems · Beijing Technology and Business University · Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications · +3
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  25. 2023
    Preserving Locality in Vision Transformers for Class Incremental LearningBowen Zheng, Da-Wei Zhou, Han-Jia Ye, De‐Chuan ZhanIEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) · Nanjing University
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  26. 2024
    Efficient Bayesian Policy Reuse With a Scalable Observation Model in Deep Reinforcement LearningJinmei Liu, Zhi Wang, Chunlin Chen, Daoyi DongTNNLS · Nanjing University · University of Canberra · +1
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  27. 2023
    PyCIL: a Python toolbox for class-incremental learningDa-Wei Zhou, Fuyun Wang, Han-Jia Ye, De‐Chuan ZhanInformation Sciences · Nanjing University
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  28. 2022
    Incremental Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation via Embedding Adaptive-Update and Hyper-class RepresentationGuangchen Shi, Yirui Wu, Jun Liu … Tong LüACM International Conference on Multimedia · Hohai University · Singapore University of Technology and Design · +3
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  29. 2023
    Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning by Sampling Multi-Phase TasksDa-Wei Zhou, Han-Jia Ye, Liang Ma … De-Chuan ZhanTPAMI · Nanjing University
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  30. 2022
    Forward Compatible Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningDa-Wei Zhou, Fuyun Wang, Han-Jia Ye … De‐Chuan ZhanCVPR · Nanjing University
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  31. 2022
    A Dirichlet Process Mixture of Robust Task Models for Scalable Lifelong Reinforcement LearningZhi Wang, Chunlin Chen, Daoyi DongIEEE Trans. Cybernetics · Nanjing University · University of Canberra · +1
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  32. 2022
    Unified Question Generation with Continual Lifelong LearningWei Yuan, Hongzhi Yin, Tieke He … Lizhen CuiACM Web Conference 2022 · The University of Queensland · Nanjing University · +2
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  33. 2020
    Instance Weighted Incremental Evolution Strategies for Reinforcement Learning in Dynamic EnvironmentsZhi Wang, Chunlin Chen, Daoyi DongTNNLS · University of Canberra · UNSW Sydney · +1
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  34. 2021
    Co-Transport for Class-Incremental LearningDa-Wei Zhou, Han-Jia Ye, De‐Chuan ZhanACM International Conference on Multimedia · Nanjing University
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  35. 2022
    Lifelong Incremental Reinforcement Learning With Online Bayesian InferenceZhi Wang, Chunlin Chen, Daoyi DongTNNLS · Nanjing University · University of Canberra · +1
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  36. 2019
    Towards AutoML in the presence of Drift: first resultsJorge G. Madrid, Hugo Jair Escalante, Eduardo F. Morales … Michèle SébagIJCAI · National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics · Nanjing University · +2
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  37. 2019
    Label Mapping Neural Networks with Response Consolidation for Class Incremental LearningXu Zhang, Yao Yang, Baile Xu … Qingwei LinarXiv · Nanjing University · Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It lists only papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or led by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times, and only papers with a PDF we can point you at, so every title opens the paper itself. Preprints that later get accepted, and authors who later publish at those venues, are picked up by the weekly run. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.