Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1988 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

57 papers of 6,984 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Parameter-Efficient Continual Fine-Tuning: A SurveyE N Coleman, Luigi Quarantiello, Ziyue Liu … Vincenzo LomonacoNeurocomputing · University of Pisa · Politecnico di Torino · +4
    PDF ↗
  2. 2026
    Modular Memory is the Key to Continual Learning AgentsVaggelis Dorovatas, Malte Schwerin, Andrew D. Bagdanov … Rahaf AljundiarXiv
    PDF ↗
  3. 2026
  4. 2025
    GLAM: Efficient Continual Learning at Scale via Grouped LoRA Adapter MergingIrene Testa, Luigi Quarantiello, E N Coleman … Vincenzo LomonacoarXiv
    PDF ↗
  5. 2025
    Continually Learn to Map Visual Concepts to Large Language Models in Resource-constrained EnvironmentsClea Rebillard, Julio Hurtado, Andrii Krutsylo … Vincenzo LomonacoNeurocomputing · Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux · University of Warwick · +3
    PDF ↗
  6. 2025
    Task-Agnostic Experts Composition for Continual LearningLuigi Quarantiello, Andrea Cossu, Vincenzo LomonacoHHAI Workshops
    PDF ↗
  7. 2025
    The Future of Continual Learning in the Era of Foundation Models: Three Key DirectionsJack P. Bell, Luigi Quarantiello, E N Coleman … Vincenzo LomonacoHHAI Workshops
    PDF ↗
  8. 2025
    Continual Learning Should Move Beyond Incremental ClassificationRupert Mitchell, Antonio Alliegro, Raffaello Camoriano … Martin MundtarXiv
    PDF ↗
  9. 2024
    Adaptive LoRA Merging for Efficient Domain Incremental LearningLuigi Quarantiello, Eric Coleman, Julio Hurtado, Vincenzo LomonacoNeurIPS · University of Warwick
    PDF ↗
  10. 2025
    Continual Learning in the Presence of RepetitionHamed Hemati, Lorenzo Pellegrini, X.W. Duan … Gido M. van de VenNeural Networks · University of St.Gallen · University of Applied Sciences St. Gallen · +10
    PDF ↗
  11. 2024
    Streaming Continual Learning for Unified Adaptive Intelligence in Dynamic EnvironmentsFederico Giannini, Giacomo Ziffer, Andrea Cossu, Vincenzo LomonacoIEEE Intelligent Systems · Politecnico di Milano · University of Pisa
    PDF ↗
  12. 2024
    I Know How: Combining Prior Policies to Solve New TasksMalio Li, Elia Piccoli, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuIEEE Conference on Games (CoG) · University of Pisa
    PDF ↗
  13. 2024
    Calibration of Continual Learning ModelsLanpei Li, Elia Piccoli, Andrea Cossu … Vincenzo LomonacoCVPR · University of Pisa · Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione "Alessandro Faedo"
    PDF ↗
  14. 2024
    Adaptive Hyperparameter Optimization for Continual Learning ScenariosRudy Semola, Julio Hurtado, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuCLAI Unconf
    PDF ↗
  15. 2024
    Continual Learning: Applications and the Road ForwardEli Verwimp, Rahaf Aljundi, Shai Ben-David … Gido M. van de VenTMLR
    PDF ↗
  16. 2023
    Design principles for lifelong learning AI acceleratorsDhireesha Kudithipudi, Anurag Daram, Abdullah M. Zyarah … Benjamin R. EpsteinNature Electronics · The University of Texas at San Antonio · Sandia National Laboratories · +6
    PDF ↗
  17. 2023
    A Comprehensive Empirical Evaluation on Online Continual LearningAlbin Soutif--Cormerais, Antonio Carta, Andrea Cossu … Hamed HematiICCV · Computer Vision Center · University of Pisa · +2
    PDF ↗
  18. 2023
    Memory Population in Continual Learning via Outlier EliminationJulio Hurtado, Alain Raymond-Sáez, Vladimir Araujo … Davide BacciuICCV · University of Pisa · Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile · +1
    PDF ↗
  19. 2023
    Partial Hypernetworks for Continual LearningHamed Hemati, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide Bacciu, Damian BorthCoLLAs
    PDF ↗
  20. 2023
    Studying Generalization on Memory-Based Methods in Continual LearningFelipe del Rio, Julio Hurtado, Cristian Buc … Vincenzo LomonacoarXiv
    PDF ↗
  21. 2023
    Projected Latent Distillation for Data-Agnostic Consolidation in Distributed Continual LearningAntonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Vincenzo Lomonaco … Joost van de WeijerNeurocomputing
    PDF ↗
  22. 2023
    Avalanche: A PyTorch Library for Deep Continual LearningAntonio Carta, Lorenzo Pellegrini, Andrea Cossu … Vincenzo LomonacoJMLR
    PDF ↗
  23. 2023
    Class-Incremental Learning with RepetitionHamed Hemati, Andrea Cossu, Antonio Carta … Damian BorthCoLLAs
    PDF ↗
  24. 2023
    Architect, Regularize and Replay (ARR): a Flexible Hybrid Approach for Continual LearningVincenzo Lomonaco, Lorenzo Pellegrini, Gabriele Graffieti, Davide MaltoniarXiv
    PDF ↗
  25. 2023
    Deep Continual Learning (Dagstuhl Seminar 23122)T. Tuytelaars, Bing Liu, Vincenzo Lomonaco … Andrea CossuDagstuhl Reports
  26. 2022PDF ↗
  27. 2022
    Continual Learning for Human State MonitoringFederico Matteoni, Andrea Cossu, Claudio Gallicchio … Davide BacciuThe European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks
    PDF ↗
  28. 2022PDF ↗
  29. 2022
    Ex-Model: Continual Learning from a Stream of Trained ModelsAntonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuCVPR · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
    PDF ↗
  30. 2024
    Continual Pre-Training Mitigates Forgetting in Language and VisionAndrea Cossu, Tinne Tuytelaars, Antonio Carta … Davide BacciuNeural Networks
    PDF ↗
  31. 2023
    Generative Negative Replay for Continual LearningGabriele Graffieti, Davide Maltoni, Lorenzo Pellegrini, Vincenzo LomonacoNeural Networks
    PDF ↗
  32. 2022
    Is Class-Incremental Enough for Continual Learning?Andrea Cossu, Gabriele Graffieti, Lorenzo Pellegrini … Vincenzo LomonacoFrontiers · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
    PDF ↗
  33. 2022
    Distilled Replay: Overcoming Forgetting through Synthetic SamplesAndrea Rosasco, Antonio Carta, Andrea Cossu … Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
    PDF ↗
  34. 2022
    Practical Recommendations for Replay-based Continual Learning MethodsGabriele Merlin, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Andrea Cossu … Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
    PDF ↗
  35. 2022
    Avalanche RL: a Continual Reinforcement Learning LibraryNicoló Lucchesi, Antonio Carta, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa
    PDF ↗
  36. 2022
    Populating Memory in Continual Learning with Consistency Aware SamplingJ. Hurtado, Alain Raymond-Sáez, Vladimir Araujo … D. BacciuPreprint
  37. 2022
  38. 2021
    CVPR 2020 Continual Learning in Computer Vision Competition: Approaches, Results, Current Challenges and Future DirectionsVincenzo Lomonaco, Lorenzo Pellegrini, Pau Rodríguez … Davide MaltoniArtificial Intelligence · University of Bologna · Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute · +7
    PDF ↗
  39. 2021
    Continual Learning for Recurrent Neural Networks: an Empirical EvaluationAndrea Cossu, Antonio Carta, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuNeural Networks · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
    PDF ↗
  40. 2021
    Avalanche: an End-to-End Library for Continual LearningVincenzo Lomonaco, Lorenzo Pellegrini, Andrea Cossu … Davide MaltoniCVPR · University of Pisa · University of Bologna · +12
    PDF ↗
  41. 2021
    Continual Learning at the Edge: Real-Time Training on Smartphone DevicesLorenzo Pellegrini, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Gabriele Graffieti, Davide MaltoniESANN 2021 proceedings · Azienda-Unita' Sanitaria Locale Di Cesena · University of Pisa · +1
    PDF ↗
  42. 2021
    Continual Learning with Echo State NetworksAndrea Cossu, Davide Bacciu, Antonio Carta … Vincenzo LomonacoESANN 2021 proceedings · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
    PDF ↗
  43. 2021
    Sustainable Artificial Intelligence through Continual LearningAndrea Cossu, Marta Ziosi, Vincenzo LomonacoInternational Conference on AI for People: Towards Sustai… · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
    PDF ↗
  44. 2020
    Latent Replay for Real-Time Continual LearningLorenzo Pellegrini, Gabriele Graffieti, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide MaltoniIROS · University of Bologna
    PDF ↗
  45. 2020
    Memory-Latency-Accuracy Trade-Offs for Continual Learning on a RISC-V Extreme-Edge NodeLeonardo Ravaglia, Manuele Rusci, Alessandro Capotondi … Luca BeniniIEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems · University of Bologna · University of Modena and Reggio Emilia · +1
    PDF ↗
  46. 2020
    Rehearsal-Free Continual Learning over Small Non-I.I.D. BatchesVincenzo Lomonaco, Davide Maltoni, Lorenzo PellegriniCVPR · University of Bologna
    PDF ↗
  47. 2020
    IROS 2019 Lifelong Robotic Vision: Object Recognition Challenge [Competitions]Heechul Bae, Eoin Brophy, Rosa H. M. Chan … Liguang ZhouIEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine · Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute · Dublin City University · +9
  48. 2020
    OpenLORIS-Object: A Robotic Vision Dataset and Benchmark for Lifelong Deep LearningQi She, Fan Feng, Xinyue Hao … Rosa H. M. ChanICRA · City University of Hong Kong · Tsinghua University · +4
    PDF ↗
  49. 2020PDF ↗
  50. 2020
    Efficient Continual Learning in Neural Networks with Embedding RegularizationJary Pomponi, Simone Scardapane, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Aurelio UnciniNeurocomputing · Sapienza University of Rome · University of Bologna
    PDF ↗
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It lists only papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or led by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. Preprints that later get accepted, and authors who later publish at those venues, are picked up by the weekly run. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.